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In this table I have explained the relation between different modifiers and different types of inner classes like which modifier can be used with inner classes, which methods and variables are accessible in inner classes, which methods and variables are allowed to be declared in inner classes, which type of inheritance is allowed with inner classes:

MODIFIERS WHICH CAN BE USED WITH INNER CLASSES
Modifier	Non-Static Inner Class	Static Inner Class	Local Class	Anonymous Inner Class
public	Yes	Yes	No	No
protected	Yes	Yes	No	No
No-modifier	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
private	Yes	Yes	No	No
final	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
abstract	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
static	Yes	Already	No	No
ACCESSIBILITY TO VARIABLES AND METHODS OF OUTER CLASS
outer's non-static	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
outer's static	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
outer's private	Yes	Yes(static)	Yes	Yes
outer's final	Yes	Yes(static)	Yes	Yes
encl. method's	N/A	N/A	Yes(final)	Yes(final)
DECLARATION ALLOWED FOR VARIABLES AND METHODS
static	No	Yes	No	No
non-static	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
INHERITANCE ALLOWED WITH CLASSES AND INTERFACES
with class	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
with interface	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (one)